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                    Ingress Protection Requirements of Electrical Enclosures

                    2025-08-01

                    IP Code testing is another name for IEC 60529 ingress protection testing. The main focus of the testing is how well an enclosure blocks liquids and solids. The IP Code consists of two digits together. The degree of protection from solid objects is indicated by the first number. Protection ratings, such as those for dust protection, may be included in this.

                    The second figure represents the level of liquid protection. Here is a chart that displays the IP Code rankings.

                    IP Rating

                    Size of Object Protected Against

                    Examples of Objects Protected Against

                    IP 0X

                    No protection

                    None

                    IP 1X

                    > 50 mm

                    Large surface of body, but not deliberate contact (back of hand vs finger)

                    IP 2X

                    > 12.5 mm

                    Smaller objects and fingers

                    IP 3X

                    > 2.5 mm

                    Thick wires or tools

                    IP 4X

                    > 1 mm

                    Screws, nails, wires

                    IP 5X

                    Dust protected

                    Some dust may enter, but cannot interfere with operation

                    IP 6X

                    Dust tight

                    No ingress of dust at all

                    The amount of ingress protection is specified in the NEMA 250 test standard. It also discusses the minimal specifications for enclosure design. Determining protection against solids and liquids is part of the electrical enclosure testing process, which pertains to the level of ingress protection.

                    Unlike IEC 60529, which provides an IP Code rating, NEMA 205 testing provides an enclosure rating. For national electrical manufacturers, this ranking is significant. It details the certification, testing, and NEMA type. The enclosure ratings and the corresponding protective needs are displayed in the chart below.

                    Type

                    Solid

                    Liquid

                    Type 1

                    Falling dirt

                    No protection

                    Type 2

                    Falling dirt

                    Dripping and light splashing water

                    Type 5

                    Falling dirt, settling airborne dust, fibers, flyings and lint

                    Dripping and light splashing water

                    Type 12

                    Falling dirt, circulating dust, fibers, flyings and lint

                    Dripping and light splashing water; seepage and light splashing of oil and non-corrosive coolants

                    Type 13

                    Falling dirt, circulating dust, fibers, flyings and lint

                    Dripping and light splashing water; seepage, light splashing and spraying of oil and non-corrosive coolants

                    Type 3

                    Windblown dust and falling dirt

                    Water from sleet, snow and windblown rain

                    Type 3R

                    Falling dirt

                    Water from falling rain, sleet and snow

                    Type 4

                    Windblown dust and falling dirt

                    Water directed from a hose or from rain, sleet, snow and splashing water

                    Type 4X

                    Windblown dust and falling dirt

                    Water directed from a hose or from rain, sleet, snow and splashing water; increased corrosion protection

                    Type 6

                    Falling dirt

                    Hose directed water and submersion that is temporary and at a limited depth

                    Type 6P

                    Falling dirt

                    Hose directed water and submersion that is prolonged and at a limited depth

                    Note that NEMA 250 Types 1, 2, 5, 12, and 13 are exclusively intended for indoor use. Every other variety is both indoors and outside. For marketing purposes, the NEMA electrical enclosure rating is frequently utilized. For many applications, cases with electrical enclosure certification and that pass the electrical enclosure water test are necessary.

                    Comparable to NEMA 250, UL 50 specifies protection levels and design requirements. In essence, it's an IP code for an electrical casing. The levels of protection from liquids and solids for each type of enclosure are listed in the chart below.

                    Type

                    Solid

                    Liquid

                    Type 1

                    Falling dirt

                    No protection

                    Type 2

                    Falling dirt

                    Dripping and light splashing water

                    Type 5

                    Falling dirt, settling airborne dust, fibers, flyings and lint

                    Dripping and light splashing water

                    Type 12

                    Falling dirt, circulating dust, fibers, flyings and lint

                    Dripping and light splashing water; seepage and light splashing of oil and non-corrosive coolants

                    Type 13

                    Falling dirt, circulating dust, fibers, flyings and lint

                    Dripping and light splashing water; seepage, light splashing and spraying of oil and non-corrosive coolants

                    Type 3

                    Windblown dust and falling dirt

                    Water from sleet, snow and windblown rain

                    Type 3R

                    Falling dirt

                    Water from falling rain, sleet and snow

                    Type 4

                    Windblown dust and falling dirt

                    Water directed from a hose or from rain, sleet, snow and splashing water

                    Type 4X

                    Windblown dust and falling dirt

                    Water directed from a hose or from rain, sleet, snow and splashing water; increased corrosion protection

                    Type 6

                    Falling dirt

                    Hose directed water and submersion that is temporary and at a limited depth

                    Type 6P

                    Falling dirt

                    Hose directed water and submersion that is prolonged and at a limited depth

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